Community Development And Civic Engagement - 1538 Words

The title of our course is community development and civic engagement. Please define community development and the community development process. Please provide the various approaches that one can use in conducting community development? What are the similarities and/or differences among the approaches you that selected? Do you think one approach is better than another in addressing community issues? Why or why not? Community development is a multifaceted process that involves members of community working together to try and solve issues (physical, environmental, cultural, social, political, economic etc.) within the community. The goal of community development is to improve the quality of life. Ultimately, the most difficult aspect of†¦show more content†¦Creative community building is the process of using arts, culture and creativity to rebuild the social, civic, physical, economic, and spiritual fabrics of communities. Creative community building bring together best practices from a myriad of fields professions together to create new ways to transform communities. Art has many categories and provide a way for community to get involved with skills they already have. Moreover, artists can use these creative skills to create engagement in ways that invite more diverse participation. On the other hand, culture is the shared customs, and beliefs that distinguishes one group of people fr om another. People can be creative and artistic in formal ways such as theatre performance as well as informal ways that can be a cultural gathering. These creative processes can allow the community to preserve the historic and cultural heritage of a place and give them a sense of ownership. Creative Community Building can provide jobs through arts and culture. One example is the development of an arts festival where community members can sell their original art, sell food and drinks and culminate the event with a ticketed performance. This event can also attract organizations who can assist the community in future projects. Arts and culture can also build social connection through cultural celebrations. In the Bahamas, this can be done through junkanoo which is a as a Junkanoo is highly revered expression of culture.Show MoreRelated Advancement of Civic Engagement by Community Foundations in Low Income African American Communities1598 Words   |  7 Pages The role of civic engagement in neighborhood revitalization, particularly in low income African American communities, has gained increased awareness and in recent years. Community, nonprofit, and government leaders now view civic engagement as a critical component of effective solutions as they seek to address crime, unemployment, low graduation rates and numerous other neighborhood challenges. Several successful initiatives have come to fruition and provide strong evidence of the benefitsRead MoreSupport And Assist Marginalized Communities858 Words   |  4 Pagesam interested in working to identify community needs that align with my skills of: leadership, engagement, organization, data entry/editing, and empathetic listening. I believe that AmeriCorps is a great organization that wishes to bring aid, create leaders, and create a sense of community. I wish to support and assist marginalized communities. By lending a helping hand, mentoring, understanding, and positively reinforcing individuals I wish to help communities that just need extra assistance orRead MoreThe Ability Of All Citizens To Participate In Politics1464 Words   |  6 Pagesensures effective and active civic participation within the nation, which Australia, as a democratic country, needs. However, marginalised groups within Australian society face barriers to their civic engagement, attributable to a number of hindering factors often out of their control. This essay aims to examine Ian Macfarlane’s speech â€Å"I’ve changed my mind, we picked the wrong date†, and its relation to the national issue of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander civic participation, or lack thereofRead MoreSocial Action At The Lower East Sid e Tenement Museum1313 Words   |  6 Pagesin a national conversation with similarly situated, contemporary immigrants and other ‘outsiders’†(Abram 2005:21). As we can see, Abram has been dedicated from the start to civic engagement through community collaboration. Abram continually ensures that the museum has the resources and insight needed for community engagement. This is done in several ways. For instance, Abram and the Board of Trustees are committed to ensuring that there is funding for not only the various programs the museum engageRead MoreParticipation Of A Democratic System Of Governance1575 Words   |  7 Pagesdemocracy. Engagement is about making them become agents of change, helping them ascend to decision making institutions. Opportunities for youth to participate in political processes depend largely on the political and cultural context. A democratic environment can be more favorable to participation in general. For the most part, promoting youth participation needs to be geared towards achieving levels relative to those of the rest of the population. The focus on youth, in terms of their engagement inRead MoreResearch Communication Competition1038 Words   |  5 PagesCollective to learn how to engage campus and community stakeholders to commit to collaboratively ending sexual violence at Illinois State University. The team provides leadership, planning, and oversight for sexual violence prevention and response initiatives at Illinois State University. Strategy 4: Strengthen the University’s commitment to civic engagement. Center for Community Engagement and Service Learning The University opened the Center for Community Engagement and Service Learning. The center’s purposeRead MoreThe Center For Child And Family Policy1555 Words   |  7 Pagesof higher education should not promote civic engagement, universities such as Duke University heavily push students to become more civically and politically engaged, even making certain courses have requirements to complete a service component. Numerous civic engagement programs exist at Duke that offer different services and opportunities for students to engage with the community. Duke University’s Center for Child and Family Policy offers a civic engagement program the School Research PartnershipRead MoreThe Current Chinese Government Fits Into The Category Of Authoritarian Regimes856 Words   |  4 Pagesefforts should be made to redistribute economic wealth as much as possible and that a single political party should direct the government and control the state. After 1978, Mao’s successor Deng and other leaders focused on market-oriented economic development and by 2000, output had qua drupled. Therefore, after 1978, China changed the system of government to allow more freedom for citizens instead of the total control over citizens by the coercive mobilization.For much of the population, living standardsRead MoreThe Principles Of Convergence For Students871 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstanding that leadership is not performed in a vacuum. On the contrary, leadership is a process that arises from and within the context of relationship with followers (Greenleaf, 1977; Burns, 1978; Komives et al, 2007). Developing and valuing community (Fairholm, 1997), collaboration, and citizenship (HERI, 1996) are essential components to leadership and its activities. Relationship values others for their own unique skills and talents, and seeks to empower others to develop and utilize thoseRead MoreHow Crowdfunding Campaign On Culture And Civic Engagement895 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Internet. Businesspeople and citizens rallied to a civic cause so a gift from the French governmen t could find a home. Pulitzer used a single collection point to raise money from an enormous pool of donors and pledged amounts from pocket change upwards. Many crowdfunding experts consider The Statue of Liberty project the most successful crowdfunding campaign. This paper explores crowdfunding campaigns on culture and civic engagement, how it aligns with a corporation s mission, vision, and

Post Natural Disaster Transitional Shelters - 2889 Words

Post-Natural Disaster: Transitional Shelters Alyssa Rupp University of Minnesota The obtainment of a safe shelter is placed alongside nourishment in a human’s basic survival requirements. It lands within the second layer of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, following the most essential physiological layer (breathing, food, water, sleep etc.). 17% of the global population is without an acceptable shelter. Millions of people live in homes in desperate need of energy efficiency or structural enhancements (Jha Duyne, 2010). The world is in flux and seemingly uncontrollable. In recent years, natural disasters have increased in severity; as a result, the design and development of transitional shelters†¦show more content†¦The numbers have grown from approximately 78 in 1970 to 450 in 2010, declaring it the deadliest year (EM-DAT, 2011). This increase is due to the giant and ever growing, uncontrollable, hairy, monster that is global warming. Climate changes are escalating the ocean and atmosphere temperatures, creating more intense storms of all types. Those in the developed world are not invulnerable. The severe temperatures, heat waves, flooding and droughts expose vast numbers to the life of an eco-refugee (Meinhold, 2013). The human’s green eye and rapid relocations to undeveloped land and fertile soil additionally cause this deadly increase. People are poking the bear by tempting the flood-prone regions with rapid urbanization. As cement engulfs and devours the earth’s floor, becoming our primary terrain, soil is unable to act as the designated natural sponge to the excessive run-off. The consequences of human’s environmental alterations are wreaking havoc. A designer adopts the highest challenges when developing shelter for another human, especially from the dangers that lurk post natural disaster. Transitional shelters need to be constructed quickly. Victims need to be sheltered immediately. There is no grantee as to how urgent the government will be able to conduct the reconstruction of a region (Meinhold, 2013). The designer must begin with the assumption

Organ Donation Is A Sensitive, Heartbreaking Worldwide...

Organ donation is a sensitive, heartbreaking worldwide predicament. There are currently over 80,000 people waiting on organs. Regrettably, the criteria for donating organs is rigorous, as well as tedious and strict. Furthermore, several ailments â€Å"such as having HIV, actively spreading cancer, or severe infection† would exclude an individual from being able to donate organs (WebMD, 2015). In order for someone to be a donor they must be between the age of seventeen and their early seventies. They also must be a compatible blood type. (University of Maryland Medical Center, 2015) Sadly, recipients are dying by the thousands waiting for matches. The legalization of organ sales have been swept under the rug and overlooked for several decades due to the ethical concerns that accompany it. Unfortunately, the longer the issue is not discussed thousands of children, woman, and men will continue to die. Substantial compensation for organs and tissue is needed. The lack of available organs has led to not only the illegal harvesting of organs but even the murders of innocent individuals as well. Moreover, what could the possible repercussions be if organs were legally sold? A drastic change such as how organs are distributed could positively affect the lives of thousands waiting for a donor. In addition, there is a global dilemma, the scarcity of organs is the source of the surplus surge of the selling and stealing of organs illegally. Some people feel the only way for them to continue

Self-Directed Work Teams- Annotated Bibliography - 1886 Words

Judy Miller Professor Ashraf Esmail Sociology of the Workplace June 27, 2012 Self-Directed Work Teams: Annotated Bibliography Cartmell, K. (2000). Self-Directed work teams in a health care environment. Home Health Care manager Prac, 12(6), 38-40. This article defines what a self-directed work teams are. It gives an overview of what qualities make a good team and the qualities that make an employee a good team member. Empowerment is based on trust, open communication, and shared decision making. Through education and empowerment the teams become powerful decision makers for recruitment, interviewing, performance measures, and team-based budgets. Benefits of self-directed work teams in health care organizations improve quality of care,†¦show more content†¦Vertical expansion gives employees more responsibility for planning and controlling activities that require decision making. This gives the employee greater job satisfaction and motivation. The transition time for an organization to create self-managed work teams is 1-2 year. The article supports the use of self-managed work teams because of increased job satisfaction, improved communication, shorter decision time, and improves employee self-esteem. This author was easy to read and gave good examples of companies that developed work teams. Langfred, C. (2007). The downside of self-management: A longitudinal study of the effects of conflict on trust, autonomy, and task interdependence in self-managing teams. Academy of Management Journal, 50(4), 885-900. This article defines self-managed work teams as having characteristics of freedom, and discretion, and the ability to organize its internal work and structure to best accomplish the goals. The author identifies that the flexibility that make a team successful unintentionally adopts a potentially dysfunctional design. The focus is to understand the task conflict and relationship conflict in self- managed teams that cause them to restructure. Task conflict is described as a disagreement among group members about decisions, viewpoints, ideas, and opinions about how to achieve the objective. Relationship conflict is the perception of interpersonal incompatibility and isShow MoreRelatedThe Union Of The Australian University Sector : Union Strategy And Non Union Forms Of Employee Participation769 Words   |  4 PagesAnnotated Bibliography Barnes, A., MacMillan, C., Markey, R. (2014): Maintaining union voice in the Australian university sector: Union strategy and non-union forms of employee participation: Journal of Industrial Relations: http://dx.doi.org/DOI: 10.1177/0022185613489414 This article examines union response to employee’s needs and concerns. The writers finding suggest that in the short term, unions adopted a strategy of compliance and requirement through the development of hybrid forms of voiceRead MoreAnalyzing Organizational Communication Essay1495 Words   |  6 PagesAnalyzing Organizational Communication Communication is extremely important within an organization. To understand work and organizations in todays changing global environment, we must look both at whats going on inside the organization and at the larger culture in which an organization operates (Cheney, Christensen, Zorn, Ganesh 2011, p1). Communication enables an organization to begin a dialogue to create awareness, understanding, and appreciation for the firms strategic goals, ideallyRead MoreAllentown (Epd) Case Analysis7182 Words   |  29 Pagesmismatched with the needs of individual functional department. We conducted our analysis at the individual, division, and corporate levels. Evidence shows that a more organic and flexible organization structure is needed for EPD, which would improve team work and support the quick decision making capacity required to keep pace with the ever-changing market. After examining the leadership style and skills, we find that including Rogers, managers at EPD are lacking strategic leadership skills which leadRead Moreen1320 graded assignments 11131313296 Words   |  54 PagesRevising the Memoir or Profile 13 Unit 3 Assignment 2: Reflection on Essay Writing 14 Unit 3 Exercise 1: Analyzing Paragraphs 15 Unit 3 Exercise 2: Guided Reading 16 Unit 4 Lab 1: Revised and Polished Essay—Memoir or Profile 21 Unit 4 Project Part 1: Team Roles and Selection of Materials for Analysis 22 Unit 4 Assignment 1: Rà ©sumà © 24 Unit 4 Assignment 2: Cover Letter 25 Unit 4 Exercise 1: Guided Reading 26 Unit 5 Assignment 1: Genre Essay—Proposal Draft 33 Unit 5 Assignment 2: Peer Review Feedback FormRead MoreHow to Improve Systems5445 Words   |  22 Pagesconcepts, professional nursing practice, issues amp; trends in nursing, and the Canadian health care system. This course establishes the foundation for your future nursing career. COURSE STRUCTURE: Classes are delivered using lecture, discussion, group work, and lab and clinical experiences. There is also an online component to the course. Please visit the Nursing 101 Moodle shell regularly for readings and submission of assignments. There are required readings assigned for each week and material fromRead MoreSkills and Personality Traits of Successful Project Managers5150 Words   |  21 PagesConclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 13 Annotated Bibliography †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 15 Appendix A †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 22 Appendix B †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 24 Appendix C †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 26 Abstract There are many variables and risks involved in project management, from unmotivated employees to cultural differences to working in the virtual team environment, which makes the career tough and demandingRead MoreMicro Assessments3561 Words   |  15 Pageswent upstairs and overdosed on several pills. She was taken to the hospital and was immediately signed out by her mother that works at the hospital. Because of her leaving the hospital against doctor’s advice, CPS was called to remove Jane’s children from the home for their safety. This Micro Assessment will give detailed history about Jane and give suggested client-directed treatment plans for her treatment options. Micro Assessment 3 Assessment Read MoreIt Organizational Structure2698 Words   |  11 PagesVP), and Janet Thomas Director IT Project Management (direct reports to CIO) [pic] Janet Thomas is a direct report to Chief Information Officer Tom Tabor. Janet is the Director of HRIS. Janet is highly responsible for planning and administrating work in coordinating, recording and monitoring the progress of all IT projects for Highmark. Janet has been with the organization for two years. Overall, Janet is responsible for the design, development, training and maintenance of the Human Resource automatedRead MoreMga Uri Ng Pagsulat5939 Words   |  24 Pagesb. Term Paper Di Cognitive Analytic Therapy Cognitive Analytic Therapy (CAT) works on reflecting with the client how she/he can understand why things went wrong in the past, and how client can be guided so that things will not go wrong in the future. This therapy seeks to apply the step by step approach of cognitive therapy – developed by Anthony Ryle, in the 1970’s Anthony Ryle used his background as a GP and work experience as a Consultant Psychotherapist to develop this mode of therapy. CATRead MoreMastering Graduate Studies 1e32499 Words   |  130 Pages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Methods of Effective Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Communicating in Forums. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Communicating in Teams. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Classroom Etiquette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Crap1 Essay Example For Students

Crap1 Essay The Appalachian National Scenic Trail, is a footpath in the eastern United States for outdoor enthusiasts, extending about 2140 miles from Maine to Georgia, along the crest of the Appalachian Mountains. The trail passes through 14 states and is maintained by 34 different trail maintenance organizations. It is the longest marked, continuous footpath in the world, at some points reaching elevations of more than 6000 feet. Wooden signposts and white paint marks on rocks and trees are placed along the trail. Construction of the Appalachian Trail was begun in 1922 near Bear Mountain, New York. By 1937 the footpath, extended from Mount Katahdin, in Maine, to Mount Oglethorpe, in Georgia, and was ready for use. Later, (after 1937) the trail officially ended at Springer Mountain, 10 miles northeast of Mount Oglethorpe. In 1968 the Appalachian Trail became part of the National Park System and was officially renamed the Appalachian National Scenic Trail. To hike the Appalachian Trail, it is su ggested to shop around for a good pair of hiking boots, a tent, and a sturdy backpack. Hiking the distance mentioned above obviously requires excellent footwear, and a light pack. Figure in fatigue and you need a comfortable tent to sleep in at night. Good boots are solid on the bottom, so that you cant feel rocks or stones through the soles. If you can press in the bottom of the sole with your thumb, the soles are probably too soft to give your foot proper protection. The top of the boot should be stiff to hold the ankle in place and provide it with good support. While its possible to treat non-waterproof fabric boots with liquid silicone, it generally doesnt waterproof the boot enough to be useful. Stick with leather boots that can be treated with Sno-seal, beeswax solution, or other waterproofing solutions. Feet change over time, as do shoes. Wearing a pair of shoes and/or hiking boots changes the shape of the shoe to fit your foot. Eventually though, the reshaping causes the sho e to rub places on the foot, causing blisters. All boots are made on different lasts. The last is the form the boot is built around at the factory. The size and shape of these lasts, even between identical sizes of boots, can vary greatly. For instance, some boots are built around a European last which is typically narrow in the front, compared to American feet, which are not. Also, some brands are narrower all over, or shorter in sole length, such as Nike. A boot that fits well will not slip in the heel area, and provide your toes with plenty of room in the front. Hiking boots are generally sized a little longer than your standard street shoe. Bring along, or wear the socks you intend to wear on your trip. it is recommended that beginners wear two pair. Ideally, the socks should be synthetic or wool. A tent is nothing more than a shelter you carry to protect you from the elements. The decision concerning what tent you buy should be based on the kind of elements you want to protect yourself from. For instance, if you intend to hike the Appalachian Trail in the summer, you dont need to carry a tent designed to withstand high winds and heavy snow. However, if you intend to head into the Rockies in the winter, you may want something more than a plastic tube tent. A good shelter at a minimum will keep you dry and comfortable in rainy weather and keep the bugs out during the summer . If you hike solely during the summer months, then virtually any moderate quality tent will do. If you plan to hike through more than one season, you might consider a shelter that has a bit more comfort and room inside for rainy spring or fall days when dressing inside the tent in the morning, or spending the evening inside before bed, is preferable. Also snow loading, access, and high winds are a consideration, and more care must be taken in choosing a shelter to protect you from the harsher winter months. A summer tent is a simple, A-frame style nylon tent with a waterproof fly and mo squito netting. A waterproof fly is a urethane-coated nylon sheet that hangs over the tent body. A three season tent may be a stronger A- frame design or a dome style tent. The goal is to provide a more rigid shelter capable of withstanding wind and possibly light snow loading. A four-season tent is designed to withstand harsh winter conditions, wind, and significant snowfall. These tents are always all-nylon, with no upper body netting. These designs typically have less netting than other tent designs and can be warmer in the summer. Because four-season tents are sometimes made from heavier tent and pole material, they can also weigh more. The shape of a tent and its pole configuration can greatly affect how your shelter performs in the backcountry. Good quality backpacking tents will have 10 to 12 stitches per inch, and a waterproof bottom. Other considerations for a good tent are and equipment vestibule for storing things you want out of the elements but not in the tent. As far a s tent maintenance goes, be sure to dry it thoroughly upon returning home, even if it never rained. Dew and dampness from the ground can wreak havoc on a tent with mildew. An external frame pack is a design where the frame is fully exposed on the outside of the pack, and the pack itself is attached to the sides of the frame using straps, aluminum pins, or other methods. The most commonly used frame material aluminum, due to its light weight. External frame packs typically have two main compartments, a number of outside pockets, and an open space below the pack where a sleeping bag can be lashed to the frame. An internal frame pack is a design where the frame is contained inside the pack. The frame is nothing more than two aluminum, plastic or fiberglass, stays that run vertically from the top to the bottom of the pack. They provide the primary means of support for the shoulder straps and hip belt, and the basic structure to hang the pack from. .u56c7fb095711d657129b4e33b75efbc4 , .u56c7fb095711d657129b4e33b75efbc4 .postImageUrl , .u56c7fb095711d657129b4e33b75efbc4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u56c7fb095711d657129b4e33b75efbc4 , .u56c7fb095711d657129b4e33b75efbc4:hover , .u56c7fb095711d657129b4e33b75efbc4:visited , .u56c7fb095711d657129b4e33b75efbc4:active { border:0!important; } .u56c7fb095711d657129b4e33b75efbc4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u56c7fb095711d657129b4e33b75efbc4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u56c7fb095711d657129b4e33b75efbc4:active , .u56c7fb095711d657129b4e33b75efbc4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u56c7fb095711d657129b4e33b75efbc4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u56c7fb095711d657129b4e33b75efbc4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u56c7fb095711d657129b4e33b75efbc4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u56c7fb095711d657129b4e33b75efbc4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u56c7fb095711d657129b4e33b75efbc4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u56c7fb095711d657129b4e33b75efbc4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u56c7fb095711d657129b4e33b75efbc4 .u56c7fb095711d657129b4e33b75efbc4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u56c7fb095711d657129b4e33b75efbc4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Illiad by Homer: Homer The Ancient Inspiration Bibliography:

Innovative Models Comprehensive Primary †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Innovative Models Comprehensive Primary. Answer: Introduction: In recent years, expenditures on health care in Australia has been rising steadily. There is increasing concerns on part of government about sustaining the level of public spending. Myriad of factors exist that drives up the cost of health and mushrooming expenditure of health is becoming somewhat difficult problem. Some of measures taken for changing consumer behaviour or health professionals do not tackle political dimension of funding. Major structural reforms are brought in the funding and delivery of healthcare that would help in ensuring the future sustainability of Australian health system. The foundation of future health system of Australia is established by shared intentions of Territory government, Common wealth and all state by entering into national Health reform agreement (ww.policyforum.com, 2016). State, territory and Common wealth are responsible for funding the services of public hospitals through block and activity based funding as per the agreement. The health system of Australia is good and it is a relatively wealthy country. Nation has well developed infrastructure and public health programs. Health system of Australia is contributed by numerous components such as low smoking rates, world class medical researchers, political leadership existence, bipartisanship on big health issues such as AIDS and HIV, increasing populations that are accepting regulations of health promotion such as random breathe testing and seat belts. Public hospital system of Australia are faced with increasing health challenges. There is ageing of baby boomers as there is an increase in number of people over 85 years old to 1.8 million in year 2050 as against 0.4 million (Laragy et al., 2015). Increase in risk factors for chronic diseases such as diabetes are witnessing increasing tend due to increasing number of people who do not exercise along with overweight and obese people. One of the challenge facing health system is increasing expectations of community of high standards of health. The subsidization of medical research related to interventions and devices for keeping people health and enable them to live longer and providing them with better drugs is also increasingly expensive. In such scenario, the funding of health care for addressing these concerns is of considerable burden for government. It is estimated by Intergenerational report of Treasury that government spending on health as a percentage of Gross domestic produc t would be double by year 2050. The funding system of current health system is not sustainable as per report generated by Committee for economic development of Australia and this required consideration of new funding model. Concern about funding sustainability of health system as per report published by several bodies. There are limited price signals for moderate demand of subsidized health services as pointed out by free public hospital care and high level of bulk building. Increased use of services is driven by free for service payment to doctors that are encouraged to provide free services (Ahha.asn.au, 2017). Growth is also witnessed in out of pocket spending in health care and increased spending on health care is noticed in areas of limited subsidies such as those provided to private patients and dental services and for non-subsidized health care like counter medicines. The spending of government is impacted in limited way by this spending. It is predicted that GDP per person of Australian would grow by 1.5% per year and there exist ambiguity whether such increment will be sufficient in expanding health system (Harris et al., 2017). If an increased demand for health services are not met by government finances, this requires dramatic shift in the way health system are funded currently. The earlier reforms of Australian health care system did not ensure their future sustainability. Growing population of Australia is living longer and health services cost is increasing twice at the rate of Gross domestic product. Reforms of Australian health care system is driven by number of factors such a s increasing cost of care, increased chronic diseases, changing health expectations of customers. There is increased demand of health system resulting from sedentary lifestyles, ageing population and burden of escalating chronic diseases. Australian tends to receive benefits from personalized medicines medical advances. In current situation, Australian health system cost accounts for 9.8% of GDP (Joyce et al., 2015). It is estimated that over the next forty years, that real federal health expenditure would be more than double. Health service sustainability is threatened resulting from increased pressure on budget driven by all the factors leading to reforms. It is projected that per person real health expenditure would double over the next forty years. Furthermore, health system of Australia is also impacted from inefficiency of supply side that incorporates such as fragmented journey of patients, fragmented funding such as a care setting mix that are ill matched with to future and current demand, inflexible workforce that is structured bias toward professional interest groups needs rather than needs of patients and higher treatment cost and technologies. For tackling both demand and supply sides inefficiencies and introducing reforms, it is required by organization to have systematic approach. Health budget can be impacted by each individual. Cost, supply and service can be improved by adopting several measures (Dew et al., 2016). Public hospitals and other part interface remained inefficient and continuous defied policy responses and planning depicted by intractable hotspots. Such scenario was noticed despite concerned efforts for improving efficiency and effectiveness at individual level. In light of all the above challenges faced by healthcare system of Australia, there is an urgent requirement of new approach for avoiding increasing taxes and rationing services. The complexities of existing health care system tackled by rejuvenated agenda of health reforms. It calls for disintegration of funding between different layers of government (Hall, 2015). Moreover, there is requirement of additional funds by attracting new funding from other sources and efficient allocation of existing funding. The health reform agreement has the aim of delivering a locally and nationally unified health control system through ways such as: Confirming role of system managers for public hospital services and lead role of territories and state in public health. Number of financial arrangement introduction for sate, territories and Commonwealth in partnership. Establishment of Medicare locals and local hospital networks for improving the responsiveness and local accountability to the communitys needs. Funding sustainability insurance of public hospitals for Commonwealth bank leading to their efficient growth. Establishment of national health funding pool for improving public health transparency. Usage of activity based funding on national efficient price for ensuring the public hospital sustainability by the Commonwealth bank. Using national efficient price, hospitals will be able to provide: Episodes of care below or at national benchmark Capability of responding to new technologies that are considered cost effective from view point of society. Providing services at margin that would lead to same improvement in health of community and individual as compared to other part of health system. Minimizing negative consequences on other part of service system and that fall on patients attributable to poor quality of patient service. Sustainability of funding model for future of Australian health service delivery: The head of agreement between State, territories and common wealth has set out a high level goals series to the government of Australia that would help in achieving a sustainable and high performing sustainable system. Territory and state government will have the continuous effort to work towards the sustainable and transparent health system through ongoing function and role of NHFB (National health funding body) and Administrator (Naccarella et al., 2017). The shared intention of all the three parties that is common wealth, State and territories for working in partnership to ensure Australia health system sustainability and improve the health outcomes of all Australians. Funding as per national health reforms occur when payments are received by receipts from State managed funds of state pool account. Three parties are the providers of funds. Local hospital networks, state and territory health departments, third parties on behalf of local hospital networks are payment recipients. National health reform has introduced two types of payment and funding that comprise of activity based funding and blocked funding (publichospitalfunding.gov.au, 2017). The funding model agreed as per national health reform agreement would be used for funding of public hospitals from July 2014 to July 2017. Under this model, the efficient price of services of hospitals is determined by approach of activity based funding. Initially, the pledge of price efficiency is done by commonwealth for meeting 45% of growth. During year 2017, growth rose to 50% and it is projected that balance would be meet by territories and state (Tortora Steensen, 2014). However, this funding model will no longer be used by contribution of Common wealth from July, 2017. Contribution of Commonwealth would be linked by funding model that is replaced by reform agreement that is linking the movement to growth of population and consumer price index. Under this formula of funding, a shortfall in funding would be experienced by state and territories if movement in consumer price index is tracked below medical services cost. Under NHRA, the funding guarantees is ceased by commonweal th from year 2014-2015. It is agreed by common wealth under funding guarantee that transition to arrangement of activity based funding applicable from 2014-2015 would not financially worse off any state. Under the superseded funding model, it is promised by Common wealth that its contribution would be more than Territories and state by at least $ 16.4 billion (Dranitsaris Papadopoulos, 2015). It is indicated by government that such reforms and transition and adoption of superseded model are platform depicting arrangement of longer-term health funding. New agreements with jurisdictions are required for such development and the implementation of these two measures would generates estimated combined savings of $ 1.8 billion for period of over four years (Moran et al., 2014). National health reform agreement also called for termination of national partnership agreement for improving services of public hospital. Components of funding were always due to expire. Activity based funding-It is a funding system that is introduced by public hospital services funding based price that is paid by patient in return for services delivered and on total number of services that are provide to patients. The amount of funding under the activity based funding for each service or activity is determined by cost weights, national classifications and prices of state, territory and common wealth. National efficient price forms the basis of contribution to local networks of hospital by Common wealth activity based funding (Osborn et al., 2013). National efficient price is a price weighted per service that is determined by number of weighted public hospital services and Independent hospital pricing authority. For the year 2015-2016, the activity based funding had funded the categories of services that comprised of admitted mental health services, acute admitted services, non-admitted services, emergency department services, non-acute and sub-acute services (Briggs et al., 2014). All the previous arrangement whereby block grants are received by territories and state are replaced by funding of such arrangement. Blocked funding-This type of funding is provided when activity based funding requirements are not being satisfied and block funding is provided to territories and state. For fiscal year 2015-2016, several categories of services were funded by block funding such as teaching, research and training, small rural hospitals, non-admitted mental services and non-admitted mental health services (McInnes et al., 2017). For any services that are outside the agreement scope would receive funding from other sources including State, territories and Commonwealth. Such services comprise of primary care, dental services, pharmaceuticals, residential aged care, public health, community and health care. It is stated by national health reform agreement that wherever practicable, activity based funding should be used. Block funding criteria is required to be developed by the Independent hospital pricing authority when activity funding is not applicable. For determine the hospital services that are better funded through block grants are absence of economies of scale that is indicative of the fact that under activity based funding, some services has the possibility of not being financially viable (Kay Boxall, 2015). When activity based funding technical requirements are not satisfied. It is suggested by the application of these criteria that funding of public hospital services will be done using block funds wh en technical requirement are not addressed using activity based funding. The funding by Common wealth for public hospitals would increase by $ 3.9 in year 2019-2020 and 54% of efficient growth of services of public hospitals would be funded by commonwealth. Activity based funding that are paid at national efficient price are used to boost productivity and achieving value for money. Such agreement will help in reducing the instances of poor quality care of patients and improving the safety of patients. The contribution of commonwealth to hospitals would increase over time at sustainable and affordable rate. Territories and state will be encouraged by a cap overall indexation that would assist them in improving efficiency and reducing costs (nhfb.gov.au 2017). Demand for services of hospitals would be reduced by better coordinated care for complex and chronic diseases. Payment and pricing system as per the agreement would help in ensuring safety and quality of care provided and rewarding the effective management. Benefits of such agreement of funding system would prove beneficial to all Australians and patients. Improved health system would benefit all Australians resulting from greater sustainability of health system. Care will be received by patients when they require it and it would assist it delivering safe, effective and efficient services (strategyand.pwc.com, 2017). Some of the benefits of direct sharing of public services cost of activity based funding are listed below: The expansion of activity based funding in public hospitals comes with several affects. This particular funding system will help in increasing activity levels by creating incentive for providers. However, such system will lead to incurring of additional expenditure while being able to satisfy the demands that are not met. Strong incentives for providers will be created by activity based funding that help in efficient delivery of services and thus maintaining growth of expenditure (gov.au, 2017). The long-term benefit of implementation of such funding system would provide opportunity for government to examine their investment level in health services and public hospitals by creating stronger incentives. It is regarded as an important tool that helps efficient cost allocation that assist in ensuring that funding is made for right health services in the right setting and at right prices. Private health insurers and government will be encouraged to consider the cost effectiveness and relative clinical of different types of health services resulting from activity based funding transparency. In the present scenario, there is no direct funding of public hospitals by federal government. They make funding engagement indirectly with the territories and state. Hospitals are funded by territories and state using a combination of fixed budget allocation and activity based funding. With the introduction of activity based funding, funding of hospital arrangement are set to change Therefore, it is expected that the implementation of new funding system would drive improvement in efficiency of public hospital and funding of public hospitals by government will be created by a more sustainable approach. Overall impact on expenditure growth of public hospital is difficult to predict. On other hand, it has been argued by several experts that overall substantial impact due to expansion of activity based funding is unlikely. It is indicated as per experts of US that such funding system would have little impact on rising cost of health. In order to ensure that growth does not overwhelm federal and state budgets, government are required to take additional measures. While it is claimed by one of Medicare co-architect that activity based funding is an analytical tool and there will not be major system effect of such funding system. It is perceived that that activity based funding will not help in ensuring reforms or quality in public hospitals (Grpin et al., 2017). At operational level, the incentives for hospitals is fundamentally changed by activity based funding. Under fixed historical budgets, and occurrence of cost, patients are the source of revenue. This enables hospitals to identify innovative model in better way that re cost effective and they are motivated to understand their structure of cost. The national implementation of activity based and block funding can be best described as game changer for funding (Dhakal, 2014). Recommendations: The agreed objectives of policy and anticipated benefits from the implementation of activity and block funding system should provide the framework of determining efficient national price and foundation of pricing framework development. Pricing framework development should take into consideration complex environment for implementation of funding system. Improving the efficiency of services of public hospitals is one of the main objective of developed funding system. It is required by the government to take into consideration reality aspect that health care is not static and an efficient practice today might not be considered effective tomorrow. Pricing as per activity based funding system should respond in a timely way to innovation. In the system of such funding, the incorporation of innovation comes with inevitable lags. Conclusion: The joint funding services for joint agreements of Commonwealth and territories cannot be regarded as sustainable as long as benefits derived are accounted in long run. There are many facets explaining the long-term benefits of funding model, but it still remained a matter of debate. The decision to structure of mechanics of financing the health system of Australia regardless of policymakers should seek development of system that will provide benefits to health professionals, policy makers and policy makers itself. Expansion of funding and payment system of public hospitals in the nation should considered the lessons derived from literature and as there are no high quality evidence for guiding policy making for funding, it remains a political issue. References list: A health check on funding public hospitals - Policy Forum. (2016).Policy Forum. Retrieved 29 October 2017, from https://www.policyforum.net/a-health-check-on-funding-public-hospitals/ Ahha.asn.au. (2017).Retrieved 29 October 2017, from https://ahha.asn.au/sites/default/files/docs/policy-issue/deeble_issues_brief_no_5_partel_k_can_we_improve_the_health_system_with_pay-for-performance_0.pdf Briggs, A. M., Towler, S. C., Speerin, R., March, L. M. (2014). 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